Average full (including capital, operation and maintenance costs) annual heating costs in a 2 standard family house with 180 m of floor surface are compared for various heating systems under the Polish economic conditions. The compared heating technologies comprise water to water and ground loop...

Control power (regulating power, balancing power) is used to quickly restore the supply-demand balance in power systems. Variable renewable energy sources (VRE) such as wind and solar power are often thought to increase the reserve requirement significantly. This paper provides a comprehensive...

Through analysis of the orientations, conflicts and challenges of recent energy–climate policy in Stockholm, this paper interrogates how energy and climate become (translated as) a set of issues which come to matter in the local urban arena for different social and political interests....

Intermittent renewable energy sources (RES) are increasingly used in many energy systems. The higher capacity of intermittent RES increases the importance of introducing flexible generation units into the electricity system balancing. Distributed district heating plants with combined heat and...

В статье проанализировано состояние отрасли теплоснабжения, определен круг основных проблем, изложены рекомендации по реформированию отрасли как...

Heat demand in a district heating system can have a significant variation within 1day, which produces problematic conditions for efficient heat generation. Short-term thermal energy storage can decrease this daily variation and make the conditions for generating heat more favorable. By...

District heating plays a major role in many countries' heating markets. Unlike natural gas and electric power utilities, district-heating systems are commonly not subject to direct economic regulation, particularly with regard to prices. This article examines the possibility of regulating...

The implementation of European Directive 2012/27 calls for the presence of a renewable share inside efficient district heating and cooling. Solar thermal energy can be a viable contribution to this aim but particular attention must be put into its integration inside the district heating systems....

Heating represents the largest proportion of energy use as supplied to consumers across all end energy uses. Therefore, there is huge potential for energy savings in the heating sector in order to reduce the emission of CO2. District heating (DH) has been considered an efficient, environmentally...

In many countries, the electricity supply and power plant operation are challenged by increasing amounts of fluctuating renewable energy sources. A smart energy system should be developed to integrate as much energy supply from fluctuating renewable sources and to utilise the scarce biomass...