Smith, Herman; Schneider, Andreas - In: Sociological Methods & Research 37 (2009) 4, pp. 560-589
as universal, primary, basic, secondary, tertiary, and so forth. There are clear empirical advantages to differentiating … between evolutionary-universal and other ``secondary'' emotions is empirically uninformative for all five cultures. Next, the … empirical tests fail to support Kemper and Turner in assuming that many secondary emotions arise through complex combinations of …