).  We show that such mutations can result from rational behavior when the dictator's flow use of repression is complementary … to his accumulated stock of wrongdoings.  This complementarity gives rise to two steady states (one where repression is … low and one where repression is high) and implies that any individual rising to power in this setup has the potential to …

blackouts occur in conjunction with significantly higher levels of state repression, most notably in areas where government …

secure the dictators power base is, as crucial for the patterns and scale of repression. …

Does repression increase or decrease unity within ethnic or nationalist movements? Conventional wisdom lends itself to … in-group. On the other hand, repression exaggerates the gap between radicals and moderates in a movement. Challenging … both views, this article argues that repression amplifies trends in cooperation or conflict existent in a movement before …

increase them. As examples, mass repression under dictatorships and overexpenditure of an administrative leverage at elections …