The purpose of this paper is the determination of sources and pattern of business cycle in Turkey throughout the period 1988-2002 using quarterly data. The question of the paper is “Has financial liberalization increased the fragility of the financial and real sides of the Turkish economy?”...

During the 1970s and early 1980s the ILO carried out a number of studies on the informal sector in large urban centres of developing countries, including Accra, Lome, Yaounde, Dakar and Kaolack. These studies failed to elaborate on the nature and extent of the relationship between the informal...

Discusses the role of African cooperatives in creating salaried employment and self employment in worker-owned, social and financial cooperatives.