drivers of inflation for retail goods, this article sets out the major costs and margins involved in supplying retail goods to … and retail firms in the distribution supply chain. The costs incurred by distributors are broadly split between labour and … other input costs, with distributors’ profit margins accounting for a little under 10 per cent of the final sale price …

Standards and technical regulations which govern the admissibility of imported goods into an economy raise costs of … assumptions about the costs and benefits of standards imposed on tradable products by one or both of the countries. …

Tariffs and other policy distortions typically lower real national income relative to what it otherwise would have been … accumulation, tariffs either raise or lower an economy's growth rate (measured by the change in the value of output at world prices … Egypt to assess whether the costs of its tax distortions have increased or declined over time. …