An important observation in supply chain management, known as the bullwhip effect, suggests that demand variability increases as one moves up a supply chain. In this paper we quantify this effect for simple, two-stage supply chains consisting of a single retailer and a single manufacturer. Our...

This paper presents a multistage supply chain model that is based on Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) time-series models. Given an ARIMA model of consumer demand and the lead times at each stage, it is shown that the orders and inventories at each stage are also ARIMA, and...

In this paper we extend and apply MRP theory towards reverse logistics including the considerations of transportation consequences. Our aim is to demonstrate the versatility obtained from using MRP theory when combining Input–Output Analysis and Laplace transforms. This enables an analysis of...

The energy and material processing industries are traditionally characterized by very large-scale physical capital that is custom-built with long lead times and long lifetimes. However, recent technological advancement in low-cost automation has made possible the parallel operation of large...

In this article the results of a comprehensive empirical study of 1,200 Polish online stores are presented. It was focused on elements that affect the lead time: information about the availability of goods, about the exact stocks and about the declared delivery time. The significant differences...

The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of effective buyer supplier relationship on supply chain performance in Kenya. The study objectives were to identify how lead time, quality, cost and employee morale affects effective buyer supplier relationship on supply chain performance in...

We develop a deterministic optimization model that incorporates carbon emissions in a multi-echelon production-inventory model with lead time constraints. We impose that each customer order must be delivered within the due date fixed by the customer. The quantity that cannot be delivered on time...

We consider a decentralized supply chain consisting of a supplier and a retailer facing price- and lead-time-sensitive demand. The decision process is modelled by a Stackelberg game where the supplier, as a leader, determines the capacity and the wholesale price, and the retailer, as a follower,...

Material Requirement Planning (MRP) is a technique which assists a company in the detail planning for its production. Many large and small businesses adopt MRP system, a well known technique, in order to increase the productivity and decrease the lead time of materials as well as their...