For many small producers in developing countries coffee is a major income source. However, the coffee market is characterized by high price volatility and increased power concentration among buyers in consuming countries. Due to the very low international coffee prices during the recent coffee...

Smallholder rural producers face many challenges in supplying their products to high-value markets. While these markets usually off er higher prices compared to the traditional market, they also set stricter requirements in terms of quality, volume, delivery, and packaging. For farmers to meet...

In Cameroon, the 1980s were marked by the economic crisis (falling export revenues) with the direct consequences of unemployment. Thus many were retrenched from the public service, private companies and graduated students engaged in small- income generating activities which later became small...

This study examines the conflicts arising from the requirements of the food retail chains and their possible solutions, based on an analysis of the foreign and domestic trade literature and on a domestic assessment of 2008. Direct supplies from small-scale producers have future prospects only in...

We use global value chain (GVC) theory to understand governance of Vietnam’s shrimp farming industry. We describe this GVC as buyer-driven with important food safety standards imposed by governments of importing countries and new certification systems promoted by nongovernmental organizations...

Laboratory experiments are frequently used to examine the nature of individuals’ social and risk preferences and inform economic theory. However, it is unknown whether the preferences of volunteer participants are representative of the population from which the participants are drawn, or...

Although previous studies have examined the rewards available to individuals inside entrepreneurial firms, entrepreneurial experience may provide rewards that are independent of the entrepreneurial context. Building on human capital theory, this study provides theoretical explanations for the...

Probability and time are integral dimensions of virtually any decision. To treat them together, we consider the prospect of receiving outcome <i>x</i> with a probability <i>p</i> at time <i>t</i>. We define risk and time distance, and show that if these two distances are traded off linearly, then preferences are...

We examine the temporal stability of risk preference measures obtained by different elicitation methods in a controlled laboratory experiment at two distinct times. Our results indicate remarkable temporal stability of risk measures at the aggregated level and temporal instability at the...

This article addresses the reactions of the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) economies to external shocks. Because it was conceived as a political alliance, the UNASUR is likely to be a promising integration project. Thus, assessing the union from an economic perspective is essential....