This exploratory study analyses the factors that affect the selection of a contract, alliance or joint venture for collaborative activity. The findings, based on a sample of 441 announcements made by UK firms, reveal that although no unequivocal support exists for either the agency- or...

We empirically test the proposition that foreign direct investors should use joint ventures with local firms for their first investment in unfamiliar markets. By tracking the expansion paths of Japanese investors in the US, we find no evidence that the growth of Japanese firms which first...

After a joint venture agreement with a high-income country’s firm, an export-oriented but technologically backward firm in a low-income country may earn higher profit, but may not be able to improve its export market performance, unless the world market size is large. In a two-firm-two-country...