The development of the Finnish income inequality from the midU1960s to 2010 can be distinguished into five periods. First, the era of welfare state expansion in the 1960s and the 1970s meant decreasing trend in income inequality for all income concepts (equivalised household factor income, gross...

Introduction Fighting poverty has always been at the centre of welfare state activities. There are several important reasons for such a focus but a key issue is no doubt that poverty is associated with increasing risks for ill-health and also death. That at least extreme poverty and poor health...

This study offers a longitudinal scrutiny of the development of pension policy in Finland and evaluates the impacts that the shift from a 'marginal' to an 'institutional' welfare state imposed on economic well-being among the elderly. The data that are used stem from household budget surveys...

By analysing pension reforms in three Nordic countries – Denmark, Finland and Sweden that apply different institutional solutions in their old-age security programmes – the paper argues that the political processes that shaped the country-specific pension set-ups in the 1950s and 1960s had...