This paper addresses the long-term impact of Sub-Saharan Africa’s indigenous systems of slavery on its political and … develop a theory to account for this based on the framework proposed by North et al. (2009), where indigenous slavery may have … indigenous slavery is robustly and negatively associated with the quality of governance and with current income levels. …

The Nieboer–Domar hypothesis has proved to be a powerful tool to identify the economic conditions under which slavery … use of slavery was more likely to become a vital alternative to increase production. These conditions have been identified … modified. First, slavery emerged as an urban phenomenon. Second, the use of slaves increased parallel with other forms of …

practices, I combine a two-sector specific-factos trade model with a model of violence. Armed tgroups operating in the resourc … Russia, and the prevalence of slavery in West Africa. The second result explains why coercion decreased in the Kivu privinces …

tradition of 'trade as a self-sufficient profession', it considers how they adapted their livelihoods to the colonial economy … with prescribed bureaucratic norms. It displayed the hybridity found wherever Smithian trade (seen as activated by a … of that behaviour played out over the colonial period to 1975. At the end of that time, trade as 'a self …