is also an incumbent operator possessing substantial first mover advantages. This paper explores these advantages, asking … whether the incumbent has remained the largest operator as the market has developed. This question is investigated using data … from 49 European countries. The analysis finds that in most countries the incumbent continues to be the largest operator …

We develop a model that captures the basic characteristics of competitively authoritarian regimes. An incumbent … this contest. Shirking is costly to the incumbent. The contestants offer the agent contingent pay-offs that determine the … compute Nash Equilibria for several interesting scenarios and find that equilibria can exist where the incumbent deliberately …

incumbent and the consumers form pressure groups to lobby the government on policies to prevent piracy while the pirates try to … avoid being stopped. We show that a monopoly is not an equilibrium when both the incumbent and consumers lobby the …