elite in contemporary Indonesia operates in a setting with a higher degree of fluidity and uncertainty. This study sheds … light on how the changes to the political landscape in Indonesia have affected the business elite. This is done by tracing … the relationship between business and politics throughout history from the colonial period up to contemporary Indonesia …

. The paper discusses when and why clientelism on the basis of party affiliation may arise. Operationally, party …-based clientelism is defined as a bias of public policy in favour of members of the governing political party. In a sample of local … governments in India, party-based clientelism is shown to exist in two out of four states and to be strongly affected by economic …

obtain an image of the characteristics of politically connected firms and of the politicians connected to them. Our results … show that the majority of listed companies are politically connected and politicians, in some cases, are involved with … observed groups. Concerning to the politicians serving on the board of directors and supervisory board, this paper shows that …

The paper argues that for political reasons elected politicians are more likely to be engaged in targeted … redistribution than appointed bureaucrats. It uses the example of patronage jobs in the U.S. local governments to provide empirical … the case of politicians, which is consistent with younger bureaucrats having stronger career concerns. …

fires mostly in Indonesia, with Malaysia and Singapore suffering the worst of its effects. Most of these fires are man … due to the influence of patronage politics in the sector, which is linked to the ASEAN style of regional engagement that …, outcomes and the implementation of the ASEAN Agreement on transboundary haze pollution, with a special focus on Indonesia …