"less defiers than compliers" condition is substantially weaker than monotonicity. It has two implications which are …Monotonicity is not necessary for the Wald ratio to identify a Local Average Treatment Effect. Under random assignment … and exclusion restriction, if for every value of potential outcomes there are more compliers than defiers, the Wald ratio …

the outcome within compliance types (exclusion restriction), and (3) weak monotonicity of the treatment in the instrument … robustness of the LATE to deviations from either the exclusion restriction or monotonicity. An empirical illustration based on …

-instrument variables and the instrument and (ii) monotonicity of the treatment in the instrument, see Imbens and Angrist (1994). We show … that identification is still feasible when replacing monotonicity by a strictly weaker local monotonicity condition. We … intended way), (ii) defiers (who react counter-intuitively), and (iii) both populations jointly. Furthermore, (i) and (iii …

hinges on the satisfaction of the instrumental exclusion restriction and the monotonicity of fertility in the instrument, see … the exclusion restriction and/or monotonicity in the nonparametric local average treatment effect framework and find the …