Loan review is a process routinely used by banks to assess the current value of loan portfolios. Provisioning is a … elements of credit risk management and important to prudential oversight. As illustrated in this paper, valuation feeds into … indicators of overall bank soundness and key macroprudential indicators. Country practices and recent moves to more forward …

Our proposal draws on the premise that the availability of stable demand deposits for bank lending, in the process of … which inside money is created, does not require any act of intentional saving. The mechanism allowing banks to lend deposits …

Do financial sector reforms necessarily result in expansion of credit to the private sector? How does bank ownership … ask whether public and private banks deployed resources freed up by reduced state preemption to increase credit to the … affect the availability of credit to the private sector? Empirical evidence is somewhat mixed on these issues. We use the …

obtain more credit and/or lower loan rates under relationship lending. Furthermore, bank competition makes benefits for … borrowers more likely. The second conclusion is that trade credit has limited scope to replace bank debt when the latter is … subject to a shock. SMEs in Europe have countered a shock to their bank debt to some extent with trade credit. However …

firms.We study the effect on loan conditions of geographical distance between firms, the lending bank, and all other banks … in the vicinity.For our study we employ detailed contract information from more than 15,000 bank loans to small firms … comprising the entire loan portfolio of a large Belgian bank.We control for relevant relationship, loan contract, bank branch …

This paper presents the Financial Sector Stability Assessment Update on the Russian Federation. Indicators of bank … soundness and performance are broadly favorable but credit risk poses a challenge over the medium term, and capitalization … should rise to support continued banking sector development. The system has weathered the global credit crunch that began in …

on a sample of Latin American countries, we find that ongoing central bank intervention in the foreign exchange market …