The main objective of rapeseed oil hydrogenation tests was the production of liquid bio-chemicals to be used as renewable raw material for the production of several chemicals and in chemical synthesis to substitute petroleum derived stuff. As, hydrogenation of vegetable oils is already applied...

This paper proposes a framework for assessing credits trading mechanisms for corporate social responsibility (CSR). The motivation to structure this framework derives from contemporary market-based mechanisms of emissions trading (or carbon/credits/offsets) and renewable energy credits (RECs)....

The variable electricity output of the RES (renewable energy sources) power plants, such as wind and hydropower, is an important challenge for the electricity system managers. This paper addresses the problem of an electricity system supported mainly on hydro, thermal, and wind power plants. A...

Energy shortage, global warming, and climate change led to an increase in the use of alternative sources of energy, with renewable energy sources (RES) playing a fundamental role in this new energetic paradigm. However, the investment costs often constitute a major barrier to their spread use....

Several methods can be employed to evaluate investment in energy production. On one hand, traditional methods (Net Present Value (NPV) or Internal Rate of Return (IRR), for example) ignore certain project characteristics that may influence its evaluation, such as irreversibility, uncertainty and...

Biomass based power plants are one of the few renewable energy sources (RES) units that may be used as base load technologies, contributing also to the reduction of external energy dependency and of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The availability, heterogeneity and cost of the resource are...