Laeven, Luc; Huizinga, Harry; Nicodeme, Gaetan - International Monetary Fund (IMF) - 2007
of national tax rates and differences between national and foreign tax rates. These differences matter because … multinationals have an incentive to shift debt to high-tax countries. The predictions of the model are tested using a novel firm …-level dataset for European multinationals and their subsidiaries, combined with newly collected data on the international tax …