Two families of indices are defined which may be used to characterize the effective number of components in systems with unequal component sizes. A general formula is staled relating size, effective size, and effective number of components. Special cases of this formula are considered which...

A generalized nth power index of concentration is defined; for n = 1 it yields the entropy-based "relative redundancy, " and for n = 2 it yields the Ray and Singer (1973) concentration coefficient. Relations are established with a dozen other indices of concentration, diversity, fragmentation,...

A citizens' peace movement emerged in the Soviet Baltic republics in January 1980, when about 23 Lithuanians, Estonians, and Latvians signed an antiwar declaration in the wake of Soviet military in volvement in Afghanistan. The concern for peace was intertwined with, but distinct from, concerns...

This theory specifies the party sizes expected on the basis of constraints imposed by simple electoral rules. Duverger's law and hypothesis states that under the single-member plurality rule third parties tend to be eliminated, while proportional representation in multi-seat districts enables...

Richardson's arms race equations, dx/dt=ky - ax + g, and dy/dt=Ix - by + h, and their more complex variants have been mainly used empirically for data fitting the simplifications a = b and k = I. Furthermore, only the additive form, d(x+y)/dt=(k-a) (x+y)+(g+h), is usually tested while the...