This paper examines the macroeconomic impact of tariffs. The effects of unilateral tariff changes are reviewed in a variety of theoretical models. Three different sets of data are consistent with the hypothesis that tariff rates have no significant effect on a system consisting of the real...

Staff Discussion Notes showcase the latest policy-related analysis and research being developed by individual IMF staff and are published to elicit comment and to further debate. These papers are generally brief and written in nontechnical language, and so are aimed at a broad audience...

An entropy-based approach is developed for assessing natural groundwater recharge in unconfined aquifers from Southern India. The wells are located in weathered zones which exhibit spatial variability in natural recharge. To determine the fractional amount of rainfall (called natural recharge)...

We consider improved estimation strategies for a two-parameter inverse Gaussian distribution and use a shrinkage technique for the estimation of the mean parameter. In this context, two new shrinkage estimators are suggested and demonstrated to dominate the classical estimator under the...

The effects of applied electric charge (0-200 Amp-min) and pH on the removal of colour and COD from textile wastewater have been analysed. Mild steel plates have been used as electrodes in both parallel and series connections. For colour and COD removal, four electrodes each with a surface area...

In 2003, a trial National Assessment of Educational Progress mathematics assessment was administered in Spanish to public school students in grades 4 and 8 in Puerto Rico. On the basis of preliminary analyses of the 2003 data, changes were made in administration and translation procedures for...