. The paper discusses when and why clientelism on the basis of party affiliation may arise. Operationally, party …-based clientelism is defined as a bias of public policy in favour of members of the governing political party. In a sample of local … governments in India, party-based clientelism is shown to exist in two out of four states and to be strongly affected by economic …

increasing companies' value and underline the importance of accelerating privatization in Iran. Practical implications – To … improve the performance and consequently the value of companies, the process of privatization in Iran must be accelerated and …

Copper Industries Company (NICICO) before and after privatization. The statistical population included directors of National …. Also, paired t-test was applied to analyze the data during the pre- and post-privatization periods. The results showed the … significant change in the structure of NICICO before and after privatization; these changes had an incremental trend in terms of …

Examines privatization of the sugar plantations and sugar processing industry in the Caribbean region. Provides a … privatization process in the six countries. Identifies the forces which led to the nationalization policies of the 1970s and their …

economies, yields various welfare outcomes, and why such conventional reforms as privatization and fiscal reforms prove … derogatory depending on institutional traits including degree of privatization and monitoring capability of the public over the … fiscal reform and privatization may not be enough in eliminating state intervention in the financial system. …

state-owned enterprises outperform firms controlled by the government, indicating that partial privatization of state …

rapidly changing conditions in a transition economy. The analysis is focused on the question of whether privatization and … liquidated over the period 1999 to 2013. We find that privatization and the choice of privatization option have no effect on the …