Information and communication technologies are one of the most pervasive technologies in the world, second only to …. Inevitably, this is the critical condition for the sustainability of the emergent e-learning platforms and digital networks in …

future emission damage costs. In the presence of massive uncertainties and technology spillovers, well-designed sup …-port mechanisms for renewables are found to play a major role, notably as a means for compensating for technology spillovers, yet also … progress through R&D as well as learning-by-doing. A portfolio of three policy instruments is then needed to cope with the …

technology are described. The strategies include establishing education and capacity building programs, creating renewable energy …