economic reversal on middle-class families, as they are more vulnerable to falling into poverty. This analysis provides a tool …

vulnerability to poverty. Following this approach the paper exploits panel data to determine the amount of comparable income … -associated with a low probability of falling into poverty— which could define the lower bound of the middle class. It looks at … absolute thresholds, challenging the view that people just above the poverty line are actually part of the middle class. In an …

estimation of class: an occupational skill measure, a vulnerability indictor, an income polarisation approach and subjective …