We investigate conflicts between wildlife conservation and recreational use that can occur at open-access sites when visitors dislike crowding. A theoretical model is proposed which determines the spatial distributions of visitors to a beach, given their willingness to walk to avoid crowding and...

Climate change could have major implications for the global tourism industry if changing environmental conditions alter the attractiveness of holiday destinations. Countries with economies dependent on tourism and with tourism industries reliant on vulnerable natural resources are likely to be...

Assessing the value of new medical technologies may require new approaches that take into account a more comprehensive set of parameters than the incremental cost/QALY. It is argued that MCDA can fulfil this role and has the potential to be methodologically superior to the currently used...

According to this study, policy options that are broadly acceptable across stakeholder groups with different inherent interests exist but are limited to lifestyle modification, screening interventions and excise taxes on harmful products. Representatives from the private sector tend to view...

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The rise in health expenditure in the U.S. has generated interest in the determinants of health expenditure at the micro-level; however, individuals may exhibit differential behaviour across different types of health care. In addition, public and private insurance may have an heterogeneous...

type="main" xml:lang="en" <title type="main">SUMMARY</title> </section> <title type="main">Pharmaceutical trade</title> <p> Pharmaceutical parallel trade in the European Union is a large and growing phenomenon, and hope has been expressed that it has the potential to reduce prices paid by health insurance and consumers and substantially to raise overall...</p>

This article uses data from a cohort of elderly and retired persons over the 1996-2001 period in the US to (i) determine the extent to which changes in socioeconomic or demographic characteristics, particularly age, income and education, impact the total amount that is spent on prescription...

Parallel trade is a legal movement (arbitrage) of goods from one country where the product is first sourced and protected by intellectual property rights to another one but without the warranty of the manufacturer company. This phenomenon takes place as a result of the coexistence of the...

This paper examines the determinants of competition in the statins market across four European countries over the 1991-2002 period. Using IMS data from the UK, Germany, France and the Netherlands, the paper analyses the potential existence of competition between branded statins prior to patent...