production of barley, malt and beer. However, the brewery sector soon attracted interest from foreign investors, who faced …Like all markets in the former communist countries, the Eastern European beer market has been strongly affected by the … problems in sourcing sufficient high quality malt in order to produce high quality beer. Therefore, they reintroduced vertical …

The market for beer in Germany is special for many reasons, e.g. the purity law, the large number of breweries, or … and offered more often the closer the brands are sold to the brewery they originate from. In addition, average prices are …, retailers use local beer brands as loss leaders, which can also explain the observed regional pricing strategies. …

Hektoliter Bier ausgeschenkt. Der Oktoberfestkonsum ist beachtlich, stellt aber nur einen Bruchteil des weltweiten Verbrauchs von …

This paper is concerned with the robustness of equilibrium exchange rate estimations based on the BEER approach for a … investigate the impact of using alternative proxies for relative productivity. Second, we analyze the impact of estimating the … robustness of the estimations by dropping one or two years from the estimation period. Our main conclusion is that BEER …

without other branches. Differences in economic performance are reflected primarily in lower levels of productivity and wages …, but also in the lower export rates of the smaller establishments. The data also show that the rise in employment in 2010 …

In this paper we analyse productivity spillovers from foreign direct investment using firm-level panel data for U …; distinguish spillovers from export-oriented vs domestic-market-oriented FDI; and allow for differing effects, depending on … domestic firms' export activities. The results suggest that the mechanisms through which spillovers affect domestic firms are …