We argue that subsidized food distribution systems that fail to publicize how much food has been allocated to each local market will experience high rates of theft on the margin as they are expanded. We provide the first comparable cross-section of estimates of subsidized food theft. As...

The liabilities of a pension plan are monetary amounts to be paid at various times in the future.The current legal and regulatory framework for Irish occupational pension schemes can result in three different valuations for a scheme at any particular point in time. Using valuation models, this...

Thermodynamics studies the transformations of energy occurring in open systems. Living systems, with particular reference to cells, are complex systems in which energy transformations occur. Thermo-electro-chemical processes and transports occur across their border, the cells membranes. These...