Global Value Chains are a dominant feature of today’s global economy, yet their empirical analysis is still incipient. Building on a recent OECD-WTO database and the results of an on-going research program at WTO, the present essay contributes at filling this gap, after introducing the main...

In this report, important wheat quality attributes and their links to varietal differences are identified, and their technical and economic importance to the milling and baking industries is examined. Wheat class and grading systems used in the United States and other countries are described,...

An optimization model is used to evaluate the implications of single-desk selling of Canadian barley for trade flows and producer welfare. Effects on U.S. imports and barley prices are also considered.

Using household survey data from seven provinces in China, this study provides estimates of the price responsiveness of feed demand by traditional and specialized household pork and poultry producers. Estimated elasticities are used to simulate the impacts of structural change in China's...

The United States has imported large amounts of wheat and barley from Canada in recent years. Producers in northern-tier states and their political representatives have been strenuously objected, citing market disruption and unfair trading practices by the Canadian Wheat Board. This paper...

This paper studies liberalized grain markets in Madagascar and examines how property rights are protected and contracts are enforced among agricultural traders. We find that the incidence of theft and breach of contract is low and that the losses resulting from such instances are small. This,...

This paper examines the effect of transaction costs of search on the institution of grain brokers in Ethiopia. Primary data are used to derive traders' shadow opportunity costs of labor and of capital from IV estimation of net profits. A two-step Tobit model is used in which traders first choose...