China’s exceptional economic expansion has led to rising energy demand and pollution as well as other environmental pressures. Strong efforts by the government have moderated emissions of some types of air and water pollution from high levels but others, including greenhouse gas emissions,...

This paper derives efficient pricing formulae for renewable energy Feed-in Tariff (FiT) designs that incorporate exposure to uncertain market prices by using option pricing theory. Such FiT designs are presented as a means to delineate market price risk amongst investors and policymakers when...

The relationships between energy, the environment, and development are deep and complex. The International Energy Agency has noted that energy is deeply implicated in each of the economic, social and environmental dimensions of human development. Energy services provide an essential input to...

This paper deals with the promotion of green electricity (e.g. electricity based on water, wind, waves, solar, biomass) in electricity consumption. It considers various market mechanisms such as taxes, subsidies, CO2 quotas and green certificates.

A number of substantive goals and mechanisms for implementing an integrated climate and energy policy have been ratified over the last two years at the European level. By 2020, greenhouse gas emissions in Europe are to be reduced by at least 20 percent; energy efficiency improved by 20 percent;...

Im Rahmen der integrierten Energie- und Klimapolitik sind auf europäischer Ebene in den letzten zwei Jahren wesentliche politische Ziele und Mechanismen zu deren Umsetzung beschlossen worden: Bis 2020 sollen in Europa die Treibhausgasemissionen um mindestens 20 Prozent gesenkt, die...

European energy policy faces a number of interrelated challenges, including making the transition to a low–carbon economy, increasing cross–border competition in electricity and gas markets and diversifying Europe’s energy supply. The EU has developed a comprehensive strategy in all of...

Die Förderung erneuerbarer Energien und der Emissionshandel sind wesentliche Elemente der europäischen und der nationalen Energie- und Klimapolitik. Einige Kritiker lehnen jedoch die gezielte Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ab, insbesondere mit dem Argument, sie sei im Zusammenhang mit dem...

Emissions trading and the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources are key elements of German and European energy and climate policy. However, some critics oppose a targeted promotion of renewable energy, arguing in particular that this is ineffective or even damaging in conjunction...

Deutschlands Stromversorgung steht an einem Wendepunkt. Kohle ist wie die Kernkraft keine Zukunftstechnologie. Auf den Zubau von Kohlekraftwerken kann verzichtet werden, wenn rasch in den Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien investiert wird. Ein Weg in eine sichere und saubere Energieversorgung ist...