A significant increase in the level and volatility of many commodity prices over the past decade has led to a debate … level and volatility of commodity prices. The available evidence suggests that while financial investors can affect the … short-run price dynamics for some commodities, the level and volatility of commodity prices appear to be primarily …

income and life satisfaction is strongly shaped by the aspiration level serving to evaluate life conditions. The aspiration …

not boost income relative to job stayers. The exception from this Russian labor market rule is formed by the small group … large region specific and branch related income disparities. …

The influence of farming collectives on income per annual work unit (AWU) is investigated by means of regressions for …/arable-crop farms and combined pig/poultry farms leads to a higher income (+900 and +500 CHF, respectively). The latter two farm types … income of the farming collectives. Gestützt auf Buchhaltungsergebnisse wird für drei Betriebstypen der Einfluss von …

This study investigates the income of self-employed based on the panel Labour Markets and Social Security of the …

Based on income tax data, statistical information can be compiled on self-employed and business start-ups by field of …, approx. one million are old age pensioners (with additional income from self-employment) and two million part-time self …-employed (i.e. with secondary income). 1.6 million self-employed operate in the liberal pro-fessions, thereof 57 % as main …

Recent studies focused on testing the Easterlin hypothesis (happiness and national income correlate in the cross … from previous research, we now count three countries for which Easterlin's happiness-income hypothesis cannot be rejected …

deficit. Very little attention was paid to the effects of fiscal policy on growth and on macroeconomic volatility over the …, fiscal policy has often amplified cyclical volatility and dampened growth. 'Fiscal Policy, Stabilization, and Growth …

instruments. We calculate the volatility in each of these three alternative income metrics for a sample of French banks during … volatility of comprehensive income is nearly twice that of net income, and the volatility of full fair value income is nearly … rate risk, is more closely associated with comprehensive income volatility than either net income volatility or fair value …