This report looks at procedures and processes related to non-tariff measures in agricultural trade. Based on the prior that countries are likely to make efforts to reduce the trade hindering effects of domestic food regulation within regional trade agreements, we focus on three different RTAs,...

Understanding trade costs is essential for formulating policy interventions designed to reduce such costs. This report synthesises all OECD work on cost factors across the entire trade chain. These factors can be located behind the border, such as non-tariff regulatory measures, market access...

Regulatory measures constitute a significant barrier to cross-border services trade in sectors including transport, communications, business services, insurance, and recreation. However, regulation has weaker effects on trade in financial services, distribution, and construction. Entry barriers...

Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) have recently become a central issue for economists and policy makers. Based on a new database developed by the World Bank on five Middle East and North African(MENA) countries at a very detailed product level, this article provides calculations of the average tariff...

This paper documents NTM-MAP, CEPII’s database measuring the incidence of Non-Tariff Measures through different methodologies, based on UNCTAD multilateral database. Three indexes are proposed as proxies for NTMs occurrence: frequency index, coverage ratio and prevalence score. Those indices...

It has become increasingly common to produce goods in a number of geographically dispersed stages linked by international trade. This tendency, known by names such as production fragmentation, processing trade, and vertical specialization, has important implications for the analysis of nontariff...

Az Európai Unióhoz való csatlakozással jelképesen és a valóságban a négy szabadságelvhez (az áruk, a szolgáltatások, a tőke és a személyek szabad áramlása) és ezek gyakorlatához is csatlakozik Magyarország. Egy olyan térségbe lép, amely legalább annyira kulturális,...

A politikai rendszerváltás és a piacgazdasággá való átalakulás történései az egész társadalmat foglalkoztatják. A nálunk folyó események bizonyos értelemben elválaszthatatlanok a fejlett országokban végbemenő stratégiai változásoktól, a korábbi ellenségkép...

We review a recent body of theoretical work that aims to put numbers on the consequences of globalization. A unifying theme of our survey is methodological. We rely on gravity models and demonstrate how they can be used for counterfactual analysis. We highlight how various economic...

Legalized parallel trade implies that an original manufacturer cannot control a retailer in a foreign country once the latter has ordered its sales quantity and has compensated the former. This paper endogenizes the role of the retailer as an agent who has private information on the perceived...