In this paper, we study the impact of demand uncertainty on the build-operate-transfer (BOT) contract design by optimizing a bi-objective problem via three critical decisions: toll, capacity and concession period. We derive the optimums and identify the public and private sector’s economic...

Supply chain partnerships exhibit varying degrees of power distribution among the agents. This has implications for pricing and operational decisions in the channel and eventually influences the end customers. To understand how different power schemes affect the supply chain partners’...

Postponement is viewed as a vital element in any agile strategy and attractive in principle. However, its application is to a lesser extent because of lacking efficient pricing model. Therefore, we propose a dynamic pricing model based on bi-level programming approach: firstly, we establish a...