In the early 1990s, Mongolia initiated a transition from a command to a market economy; accordingly, significant changes took place in the livestock sector, including decollectivization, privatization, and greater exposure to international trade. Taking into account these changes, this study...

This article explores the long-term consequence of a prevailing superstition regarding women who were born in 1966, a year of the fire horse, who were around 44 years of age in 2010. The findings indicate that 'fire horse women' are disadvantaged in some aspects such as divorce rates,...

This study examines the work capacity of older adults in Japan. First, we estimate the relationship between a variety of health indicators and work status.Work status is divided into full-time work, part-time work, and retired for those in their 50s who are not yet age-eligible for public...

In 2000, government deregulation along with the introduction of the long-term insurance scheme allowed for-profit providers of at-home care for the elderly to compete directly with nonprofit operators. According to the contract failure hypothesis, we would expect consumers to prefer nonprofit...

This study examined the factors that affect the retirement decisions of the middle-aged and elderly in Japan, focusing especially on their earnings, public pension benefits, and health status. Using two-year panel data from the JSTAR and applying the OV model proposed by Stock and Wise (1990a,...

This paper empirically investigates the effects of the 1995 and 1996 tax cuts in Japan. Both tax cuts were introduced to compensate consumers for an impending consumption tax rate increase from 3% to 5% in 1997. We use micro-level data of the Family Income and Expenditure Survey to evaluate...

We examine how social security programs have affected the labor force participation (LFP) of the elderly over the past forty years in Japan. Using publicly available data, we construct forwardlooking incentive measures for inducing retirement, to ascertain the actual changes in the generosity of...

Although there exists a large volume of literature on the subject, a consensus on the labor supply effects of the social security earnings test for the elderly has yet to be reached. This study proposes an alternative approach of utilizing direct responses to a survey on the earnings test, a...