This paper investigates telecommunication operator investment in broadband infrastructure after local deregulation of the wholesale broadband access market. Using a panel dataset covering all 5,598 exchange areas in the United Kingdom, we exploit regional differences in deregulation following a...

The primary objective of infrastructure pricing in normative economics and policy discussions is economic efficiency. This focus has led to the proposal that charges for infrastructure use should be based on all internal and external marginal costs associated with the use of infrastructure...

A proposal has been made to build a new tunnel under the Scheldt River near the centre of Antwerp in order to relieve traffic congestion on the ring road and in an existing tunnel. The new tunnel is expected to cost more than €1 billion, and tolls have been suggested to help finance...