Fiscal rules are being increasingly used by both emerging and developed economies. This paper analyzes two alternative fiscal policy rules in terms of their impact on debt sustainability: a rule that fixes the ratio of primary surplus to GDP (“fixed surplus rule”) and one that sets the...

In this paper we examine the difference between T-Bill returns and common stock returns in Turkey. We observe that there is a bond premium in Turkey unlike the equity premia in developed countries. As an attempt to explain this surprising observation, we incorporate inflation risk and default...

Estimating a robust and stable trend is an important challenge for policy analysis. In this paper, we compare alternative approaches by estimating the cyclical component of the real exchange rate series of Turkey. Comparison criterion is the sensitivity of the estimated cycle to additional data...

We investigate the degree of financial integration within and between European countries. We construct two measures of de-facto integration across European regions to capture "diversification" and "development" finance in the language of Obstfeld and Taylor (2004). We find evidence that capital...

In this paper we examine the difference between T-bill returns and common stock returns in Turkey. We observe that there is a bond premium in Turkey unlike the equity premia in developed countries. As an attempt to explain this surprising observation, we incorporate inflation risk and default...

The shock waves of the 2008-09 global financial crisis and the 2011-12 Eurozone debt crisis hit emerging markets from the trade, the finance and the expectations channels. We focus on the finance channel in this paper. We first discuss the challenges arising from capital flow volatility in...