The purpose of this article is to investigate the properties of equilibrium in a market with a leader. In particular, we examine how the equilibrium values depend on existing competitors. When the number of competitors is exogenously given, most equilibrium values, including the leader’s...

This paper examines the effects of exclusive dealing contracts in a simple model with manufacturers-distributors relations. We consider entrants in both manufacturing and distribution sectors. It is well-known that a potential entry threat is welfare increasing under homogenous price...

This paper examines the effects of exclusive dealing contracts offered by an incumbent distributor. The effectiveness of exclusive dealing contracts offered by distributors is quite differrent from those offered by incumbent manufacturers. The traditional literature has focused solely on...

A seminal work by Fumagalli and Motta (2006) explored that an incumbent manufacturer cannot deter an entry by exclusive dealing contract with distributors. This paper extends the flamework of Fumagalli and Motta and examines a situation in which an incumbent distributor tries to deter an entry...

This paper explains the corporate revival process of Snow Brand Milk Products Co. Ltd. (Yuki-Jirushi), a famous dairy-products company in Japan. As a result of a string of scandals, Yuki-Jirushi experienced sudden drops of sales and profits. In order to improve the profit condition, Yuki-Jirushi...

This paper explains the corporate revival process of Nitto Kougyou, a famous golf courses managing company in Japan. After the crash of bubbles in Japan, the profit condition of Nitto Kougyou dropped drastically. Goldman Sachs bought this company in 2001 and filed for court-mandated...

This paper examines the effects of exclusive dealing contracts offered by an incumbent distributor. The effectiveness of exclusive dealing contracts offered by distributors is quite different from those offered by incumbent manufacturers. The traditional literature has focused solely on...

The existing literature about exclusive dealing contracts has focused on cases where an incumbent manufacturer o¤ers exclusive contracts to deter an entry. In contrast, we consider the case where an incumbent distributor o¤ers exclusive dealing contracts to deter an entry. Exclusive...

This paper examines the strategic commitment behavior of heterogeneous leaders in an endogenous market structure. We demonstrate that each leader's investment level is independent of the other leaders' characters. Furthermore, we show that a leader over-invests (resp. under-invests) when an...

This paper examines the optimal licensing scheme when the number of licensees is determined endogenously. We demonstrate that a license holder obtains monopoly profit even if the license holder uses only a fixed fee as long as the marginal cost is constant. Furthermore, we show that under free...