Japan showed strong economic recovery from the crisis. Executive Directors welcomed the development and stressed the need for a strong monetary framework, well-designed fiscal consolidation, and structural reforms. Directors agreed that the Bank of Japan’s monetary framework is well...

This paper describes the main theoretical concepts of the competition, which is thought to be the fundamental social process in the economy. The protection of competition (or the competition policy) is the one of the most important parts of economic policy, because the competition ensures the...

In competition law, the problem of the optimal design of institutional and procedural rules concerns assessment processes of the pro- and anticompetitiveness of business behaviors. This is well recognized in the discussion about the relative merits of different assessment principles such as the...

We discuss competition policy issues of vertical integration in internetbased two-sided markets against the background of the Google antitrust allegations. Network effects and economics of scale often lead to dominating companies, which are integrated over several markets. This implies...

Since the mid-1990s, competition in the Austrian product markets has become markedly more vigorous, driven by "externally induced" competition-oriented structural reforms. In terms of product market regulation, Austria ranks in the middle range in international comparisons. Same as other...

With the amendment to the cartel law in 2002, a new institutional basis had been established for competition policy in Austria. Responding to domestic and European pressure to reform, legislators provided the groundwork for setting up the Federal Competition Authority and Federal Cartel...

We discuss competition policy issues of vertical integration in internetbased two-sided markets against the background of the Google antitrust allegations. Network effects and economics of scale often lead to dominating companies, which are integrated over several markets. This implies...