China has become the world’s third largest outward investor, behind the United States and Japan. A growing body of literature suggests that China’s regulatory framework for outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) is a determinant of the country’s rising OFDI. This paper...

The paper critically evaluates investment climate in Pakistan. It covers incentives given by the government to domestic and foreign investors. Special emphasis is placed on identifying the barriers that discourage investment in Pakistan. Major impediments include high doing business cost,...

Nearly half of U.S. employers test job applicants and workers for drugs. I use variation in the timing and nature of drug testing regulation to study discrimination against blacks related to perceived drug use. Black employment in the testing sector is suppressed in the absence of testing,...

We examine the impact of enforcing non-compete covenants (CNC) on the formation and performance of new firms using matched employer-employee data on 30 US states. To identify the impact of CNC, we exploit the inter-state variation in CNC enforcement along with the fact that courts do not enforce...

Online copyright infringement is one of the toughest challenges the content industry has faced in the twenty first century. Article 8(3) of the Information Society Directive, implemented under section 97A of the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, provides an injunctive remedy in...

The paper illustrates how architecture can be used to show the contribution and the use of technology in the legal system. The models created enable the rapid identification of the stakeholders, their objectives, the technologies they use, and their goals. Such understanding helps decision...

Youth incarcerated in the juvenile justice system are disproportionately exposed to traumas both in and outside of custody that are associated with poor social, behavioral, and developmental outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to describe one pathway through which trauma can impact a myriad...

While boys who offend have been a dominant majority and primary concern of the juvenile court since its earliest days, the population of delinquent girls has increased in recent years at a far higher rate in the U.S. The special challenges presented by females, however, continue to be generally...

In July, the following amendments were introduced in the legislation: amendments concerning the electronic signature; the effective date of the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation on issues of state registration of titles to real property was postponed; the per capita minimum...

The Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia has offi cially published a list of enterprises operating in the Russian Defense Industry Complex (DIC), thereby making it possible to assess the key indicators of the DIC’s size which have changed insignifi cantly over the past six months. However,...