Prior literature has investigated three forms of earnings management: real earnings management (REM), accruals earnings management (AEM) and classification shifting. Managers make trade-off decisions among these methods based on the costs, constraints and timing of each strategy. This study...

We find evidence suggesting that corporate lobbying for tax purposes over the period 1999–2009 is one method by which firms managed corporate taxes. Furthermore, tax management strategies employed by these politically active firms were valued by shareholders. Firms lobbying on tax issues have...

This paper studies how to solve semi-infinite polynomial programming (SIPP) problems by semidefinite relaxation methods. We first recall two SDP relaxation methods for solving polynomial optimization problems with finitely many constraints. Then we propose an exchange algorithm with SDP...

The stochastic resonance (SR) in a second-order linear system driven by a trichotomous noise and an external periodic signal is investigated. By the use of the properties of the trichotomous noise and the Shapiro–Loginov formula, the exact expression for the output spectral amplification (SPA)...

The zone system used for freight data collection and the geographic resolution of published data has a significant impact on analysis and planning. The majority of existing freight model zones are created in an ad hoc way. In this paper, a new model-based design method is introduced to develop...

The paper investigates the relationship between changes in asset wealth and the trend movements of household consumption in urban China. Using the vector error correction cointegration model, we demonstrate that there is a unique long-run cointegrating relationship between household consumption,...

This paper investigates the relationship between housing investment and economic growth in China, utilising province-level data via recently developed panel unit root tests and panel co-integration analysis. The empirical results suggest a stable long-run relationship between housing investment,...

This paper investigates the impact of disposable income and assets on consumer spending trends in China. By employing the vector error correction model on the national quarterly data, we demonstrate that the wealth effects arising from asset value changes are remarkable. There is only one...