Political scientists have long considered the primacy of ideology, party affiliation, and constituency preferences in determining how members of the U.S. Congress make decisions. At the same time, psychologists have held that individuals' immutable personality traits play a central role in...

The Bush and Obama administrations have complemented their capacity to make public appeals by creating grassroots lobbying organizations with the explicit purpose of mobilizing supporters to pressure Congress to pass presidential policy priorities. This paper advances the study of organizations...

Abstract: The Bush and Obama administrations have added to their capacity to make public appeals by creating grassroots lobbying organizations with the expressed purpose of mobilizing supporters to pressure Congress to pass presidential policy priorities. This paper advances the study of...