"), following endorsement by G10 bank supervisors. The Accord replaces the original accord agreed in July 1988 and implemented by …

period during which more than 1,300 banks failed. Bank failures are fundamentally important because of the unique role played … during this period. First, commercial real estate was only a factor in the bank failures of 1988-92. Second, construction … loans played a much larger role in bank failures than permanent loans, and the relationship is strongest with construction …

). This is attributed to the severe political intervention and weak incentives to follow prudent bank management practices for …

Today’s regulatory rules, especially the easily-manipulated measures of regulatory capital, have led to costly bank … failures. We design a robust regulatory system such that (i) bank losses are credibly borne by the private sector (ii …) systemically important institutions cannot collapse suddenly; (iii) bank investment is counter-cyclical; and (iv) regulatory …

creating counter-cyclical incentives for banks to raise capital, and so encourage bank lending in bad times. They avoid the …

point per annum. Economic output is mainly affected by an increase in bank lending spreads as banks pass a rise in bank … Tier 1 capital ratio) could increase bank lending spreads by about 50 basis points. The estimated effects on GDP growth …

The paper addresses the issue of monetary policy transmission through the banking sector in the presence of a bank … capital regulation. A model of bank behavior is presented, which shows how a monetary policy shock affects both deposit and …

Bank regulation might have contributed to or even reinforced adverse systemic shocks that materialised during the … of bank equity, regulation that is not based on risk-weighted assets would affect annual GDP growth by -0.02 percentage …

A recurring criticism of U.S. bank supervisors is that their standards vary procyclicly with banking and economic … conditions. The 2010 reforms of supervisory standards for bank capital adequacy and liquidity (Basel III) directly address … procyclicality in supervision and its effects on credit cycles. We revisit the question of procyclicality in bank supervisors …