jobs or training might face a temporary benefit sanction. This study describes first the institutional set-up of sanctions …. Second, our duration analysis estimates the individual transition rates into a first benefit sanction after entering welfare … further population groups, in order to show to what extent the transition rates into a first sanction vary with age, the …

endogenizing the formal sanction scheme. We find that self-determined formal sanctions schemes are popular and efficient when they … when adopting the latter entails such a cost. Practice improves the performance of sanction schemes: they become more …