The present paper calculates the systematic risk within the context of the capital asset pricing model to investigate the significance of financial leverage on systematic risk. Rather than testing the unlevered beta directly, we develop a multinomial model with theoretically predicted targets in...

The purpose of this paper is to study if there is a Granger causality relationship between the price of oil and the prices of the stocks that compose the Integrated Latin American Market (MILA) index. Our analysis found that from the perspective of the efficient market hypothesis, there is no...

The classic Dickey-Fuller unit-root test can be applied using three different equations, depending upon the inclusion of a constant and/or a time trend in the regression equation. This paper investigates the size and power properties of a unit-root testing strategy outlined in Enders (2004),...

One of the most important stylized facts in finance is that stock index returns are inversely related to volatility. The theoretical rationale behind the proposition is still controversial. The causal relationship between returns and volatility is investigated in the US stock market over the...

This paper introduces asymmetric impulse response functions and asymmetric variance decompositions. It is shown how the underlying variables can be transformed into cumulative positive and negative changes in order to estimate the impulses to an asymmetric innovation. An application is provided...

Applying VAR(5), a bootstrap simulation approach and a multivariate Rao's F-test indicate that government revenue Granger-causes spending in Finland. This does not agree with Barr's tax smoothing hypothesis. This explanation of this is due to the institutional factors that are specific for Finland.

This paper investigates Balassa's export-led growth hypothesis for Greece, Ireland, Mexico, Portugal and Turkey by constructing a vector autoregression (VAR) model. On the basis of the Granger non-causality procedure developed by Toda and Yamamoto (1995), the results show that export and output...

The relationship between foreign aid and economic growth is investigated for a panel of developing countries (Botswana, Ethiopia, India, Kenya, Sri-Lanka, and Tanzania) over the period 1974-1996. The results reveal that the variables contain a panel unit root and they cointegrate in a panel...

The minimum variance hedge ratio is widely used by investors to immunize against the price risk. This hedge ratio is usually assumed to be constant across time by practitioners, which might be too restrictive assumption because the optimal hedge ratio might vary across time. In this paper we put...