The contributions cover selected elements of Poland's regulatory practice that were of special importance for the development of the national telecommunications market and proved relevant, at the same time, for the implementation of EU rules. A significant part of this book is devoted to the...

Although both in US antitrust and European competition law there is a clear evolution to a much broader application of "rule of reason" (instead of per-se rules), there is also an increasing awareness of the problems of a case-by-case approach. The "error costs approach" (minimizing the sum of...

This article is concerned with the evolving free movement rights of Turkish nationals in the European Union (‘EU’). The right to move freely represents one of the fundamental freedoms of the internal market, as well as an essential political element of the package of rights linked to the...

The failures of the socialist model, evidenced by high unemployment, have led France to reorient itself towards more enterprise creation. These entrepreneurial ventures require financing. However, bankers do not want to assume the high risk of newly created enterprises. Moreover, small...

When assessing the likely net impact of regulation, many jurisdictions test for specific effects on areas of concern, such as small businesses or the environment, as well as for more generalised costs and benefits. This paper considers how best to design a negative-clearance test for the...

In several South Easter European Countries due to the delayed transition, the legal system of the economy is regulated with certain inappropriate provisions which reflect a weak institutional control system and inefficient implementation of sanctions against entities – operators that are not...

Salvatore Rossi’s book illustrates clearly the problems of Italian economic development, the causes of the crisis and the advantages that could accrue from a return to policies favouring competition. Also fundamental, however, are more appropriate definition of regulation models and...

The Ec Directive 2005/29/EC on unfair commercial practices has introduced the direct consumers protection from unfair practices of professionals, thus providing new tasks for the antitrust authorities in Europe

In this article, the authors review the relationship between the Commission, the national regulatory authorities (NRAs) and national courts in light of the Commission's proposals for reform as laid out in the 2006 Review. They focus upon the Article 7 and Article 4 procedures of Directive...