This study shows that Target2 net claims are a poor measure of Bundesbank loss exposure, and even more so of German loss exposure to the rest of the Eurozone. This is true even under plausible assumptions about a comprehensive break-up scenario that leaves Germany as the only member of the euro...

Earth Endogenous System, 2nd edition (hereunder, the 2nd) is endowed with a unique unite for philosophy, theories, practices, and national taste; solely policy-oriented and harmonizing culture by country and civilization by area. This is because each of these are data-numerically and precisely...

Earth Endogenous System, 2nd edition (hereunder, the 2nd) is endowed with a unique unite for philosophy, theories, practices, and national taste; solely policy-oriented and harmonizing culture by country and civilization by area. This is because each of these are data-numerically and precisely...

The housing market is a central macroprudential policy concern in France due to the significant proportion of residential property loans in bank balance sheets and the high weight of housing in household wealth. The surge in house prices at the start of the 2000s means we cannot rule out the...

This study covers the relation between the political and accounting implications of the Stability and Growth Pact, which entered into force in 1996. It describes the underlying legal framework and accounting rules and the role of the European Commission and Eurostat in this respect....

This paper compares and contrasts the thinking of Keynes and Geoffrey Ingham, focussing mainly on The General Theory and Ingham’s The Nature of Money (2004). Two points in particular are addressed: first, the relevance of Ingham’s insistence (following Keynes, among others) on the primacy of...

Iran’s agriculture part is one of the areas that can have an important effect on the growth of country’s economy. Concerning this, variables that can increase value added agriculture have been concentrated on and the government is supporting them. One of these policies is granting loanable...

By joining the European Union, Romania entered a new stage of development, which requires compliance with the new criteria and rules necessary for the development of the Romanian economy in line with the European development. In this sense, our paper captures some aspects of the evolution of...

This paper explores the potential effectiveness of the ECB’s Outright Monetary Transaction (OMT) program in safeguarding an appropriate monetary policy transmission. Since the program aims at manipulating bank lending rates by conducting sovereign bond purchases on secondary markets, a stable...