This article reviews beer production, consumption and the industrial organization of breweries throughout history. Monasteries were the centers of the beer economy in the early Middle Ages. Innovation and increased demand later induced the growth of commercial breweries. Globalization and...

This study evaluates the impact of high-skilled immigrants on US technology formation. Specifically, we use reduced-form specifications that exploit large changes in the H-1B visa program. Fluctuations in H-1B admissions levels significantly influence the rate of Indian and Chinese patenting in...

This study evaluates the impact of high-skilled immigrants on US technology formation. We use reduced-form specifications that exploit large changes in the H-1B visa program. Higher H-1B admissions increase immigrant science and engineering (SE) employment and patenting by inventors with Indian...

Provides information on the situation in Barbados and Jamaica as it relates to employment, working conditions and labour relations in offshore data service enterprises, against the background of the ILO's Tripartite Declaration of Principles concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy.

Humankapital gilt gemeinhin als eine wesentliche Determinante von Wachstum und Entwicklung. Der empirischen Forschung fällt es derzeit allerdings nicht leicht, die quantitative Relevanz des Humankapitals für den gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklungsprozess zu bestimmen. Neuere Studien bieten ein...

Developed countries, including New Zealand, used to consider their populations wholly literate, in the sense that almost all adults could read and write. Contemporary definitions expand the concept of literacy to include wider cognitive skills, and extend it across the whole population: people...