This paper studies co-operation and competition issues in a closed-loop supply chain. The supply chain comprises of two manufacturers who compete for selling their new product as well as for collection of the used-products for remanufacturing through a common retailer. To analyze the situation,...

In this highly competitive market where the demand for the products is increasing gradually, it is essential for a manufacturing company to reduce the production cycle time and cost accordingly. One of the methods for this is to increase the availability of process. This paper attempts to...