Risk a basic parameter of portfolio selection and its modelling involves some difficulties. Thus, more and more … permits distinguishing the loss risk (risk to obtain a return below the expected return) from the gain opportunities …

In rural economies with missing or incomplete markets, idiosyncratic risk is frequently pooled through informal … institution can sustain risk pooling in a social dilemma with idiosyncratic risk. We test whether risk can be pooled without a … commitment device and, separately, whether effective risk pooling induces greater cooperation in the social dilemma. We find that …

government as an actor who makes decision under uncertainty. Public agents, like private enterprises, formulate expectations and …

government as an actor who makes decision under uncertainty. Public agents, like private enterprises, formulate expectations and …

, with a short maturity or indexed. It analyses empirically the determinants of these risk sources separately, developing a … risk. Only inflation impacts all types of risky debt, underscoring the overarching importance of monetary credibility to …

, with a short maturity or indexed. It analyses empirically the determinants of these risk sources separately, developing a … risk. Only inflation impacts all types of risky debt, underscoring the overarching importance of monetary credibility to …