The resolution of the issue of what role regulatory purpose might play in adjudicating the consistency of origin-neutral measures under the GATT National Treatment rule is essential to the resolution of the tension between trade liberalization and domestic autonomy with respect to the use of...

After years of debate, the issues of whether and where (i.e. under which legal element) regulatory purposes should be considered under Article III:2 and Article III:4 of the GATT – the most invoked provisions of the National Treatment rule – remain unsolved. This article submits that the...

Debris flow with intermittent surges is a major natural hazard. Accurate estimation of the total volume of debris flow is a challenge for academic researchers and engineering practitioners. This paper has proposed a new model for the total volume estimation based on 15 years of observations in...

A dramatic increase in debris flows occurred in the years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in SW China due to the deposition of loose co-seismic landslide material. This paper proposes a preliminary integrated model, which describes the relationship between rain input and debris flow run-out...

The non-equilibrium phase transitions of the fullyfrustrated (f=1/2) square lattice Coulomb gas (CG) modeldriven by external electrical fields are studied in the frameworkof the short-time dynamic scaling approach. The criticaltemperature T<Subscript>c</Subscript>, the static and dynamic critical exponents2β/ν, ν,...</subscript>

Laser surface melting is known to alter surface energy and wettability of a few engineering materials, but its effect on magnesium alloys has never been reported. Effort was made to study how Nd:YAG laser irradiation influenced surface energy of an AZ91D magnesium alloy. Contact angle...

As a step to address the problems of coastal fisheries in Asia, the WorldFish Center joined forces with fisheries agencies from eight developing Asian countries (Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, The Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam) and the Asian Development Bank, to implement...

TiO2 film deposited on glass was irradiated in air with single-shot KrF excimer laser pulse. The surface roughened as the result of the laser ablation. It is further noted that single-pulse irradiation with fluence ranging from 400 to 1200 mJ/cm2 gave rise to protrusion of the irradiated surface...

A stochastic optimization model is developed to make a selection between the planting method and the seed-tree method, taking into account the uncertainty of, and the legal requirement on, the stocking level of the established seedlings in a given year after regeneration action. Uncertainty is...