Analyzing data from extensive surveys of U.S. nonfarm families in 1889-90-predominantly families from eastern states-the authors of this paper show that workers affiliated with labor organizations had earnings that were 22% higher than the earnings of other workers, an effect comparable in...

Why have some mono-parties in emerging market economies (such as Taiwan’s KMT and Ethiopia’s EPRDF) established formidable business empires while powerful ruling parties in socialist economies invariably decried them? The phenomenon of party-owned business (Parbus), much like...

Using a model that admits variable returns and imperfect competition, we investigate the impact on total factor productivity of trade liberalization in six emerging economies. Regressions based on panel data for twenty-eight three-digit manufacturing industries show that productivity growth is...

Using a model that admits variable returns and imperfect competition, we investigate the impact on total factor productivity of trade liberalization in six emerging economies. Regressions based on panel data for 28 three-digit manufacturing industries show that productivity growth is insensitive...

Ruling party-owned conglomerates (Parbus) are emerging in some post-conflict African economies following state capture by ethnic parties. We offer an analytical framework, buttressed by four country case studies of 'developmental ethnocracies' in Africa and Asia to identify when Parbus dominance...