When carrying out a research project, some materials may not be available in-house. Thus, investigators resort to external providers for conducting their research. To that end, the exchange may be formalised through material transfer agreements. In this context, industry, government and academia...

Although material transfer agreements may be useful to exchange research materials between laboratories, academics and policymakers have suggested that the trend towards their standardisation might impede the progress of science by constraining one type of research collaboration: the...

The study focuses on the analysis of the information flow among the ISI subject categories and aims at finding an appropriate field structure of the Web of Science using the subject clustering algorithm developed in previous studies. The clustering journals and ISI subject categories provide two...

A fast constrained recursive identification (CRI) algorithm is proposed to estimate intersection origin-destination (O-D) matrices dynamically. The basic idea of the CRI algorithm is to estimate intersection O-D matrices based on equality-constrained optimization and then to adjust them by...

This paper discusses the channels between openness and productivity and trade hampering factors. The stylized facts from the heterogeneous firms literature suggests that firms face market entry costs for each new product they export and to each new export market. Transport costs, border costs...

Sharing or exchanging research material is typically formalised through material transfer agreements. The aim of this article is to put into critical perspective the empirical findings on modes and impacts of these agreements vis-a-vis commonly accepted concerns formulated in a Mertonian fashion...

Backlogs can be caused by an increase in the number of patent applications and patent size. A large number of patents granted could be explained by patent examiners' bonuses, legal and cultural contexts, claim forms, the geographical origin of patents, a firm's experience in patenting, the...

This paper makes a connection between recent studies on research materials exchange and its effect on the progress of science. Academia fears that scientific development could be hampered by the privatised practices of research material exchange. Since post-academic science represents a...