As many traditional tourist destinations have experienced a slow down in tourist arrivals and expenditure, Butler’s (1980) Tourist Area Life Cycle (TALC) model seems to attract new attention from tourist researchers. The TALC describes the evolution of a tourist area from its discovery to its...

This paper proposes two new unit root tests that are appropriate in the presence of an unknown number of structural breaks. One is based on a single time series and the other is based on a panel of multiple series. For the estimation of the number of breaks and their locations, a simple...

This research points to the serious problem of potentially misspecified alternative hypotheses when testing for unit roots in real exchange rates. We apply a popular unit root test against nonlinear ESTAR and develop a Markov Switching unit root test. The empirical power of these tests against...

The demand for money is a critical component in the formulation of and implementation of monetary policy. A well-defined and stable money demand function is a necessary condition for monetary policy to have predictable effect on the macroeconomic variables. This paper applies the advanced...

It is well known that it is vital to account for trend breaks when testing for a unit root. In practice, uncertainty exists over whether or not a trend break is present and, if it is, where it is located. Harris et al. (2009) and Carrion-i-Silvestre et al. (2009) propose procedures which account...

[The original version of this paper appeared as a University of California San Diego working paper in 1990 but has since disappeared from the web. This version includes a new appendix.] This paper provides tables of critical values for some popular tests of cointegration and unit roots. Although...

Nonlinear modeling of adjustments to purchasing power parity has recently gained much attention. However, a huge body of the empirical literature applies ES- TAR models and neglects the existence of other competing nonlinear models. Among these, the Markov Switching AR model has a strong...

In this paper, we propose a new augmented Dickey-Fuller-type test for unit roots which accounts for two structural breaks. We consider two different specifications: (a) two breaks in the level of a trending data series and (b) two breaks in the level and slope of a trending data series. The...

A Bayesian approach is considered for identifying sources of nonstationarity for models with a unit root and breaks. Different types of multiple breaks are allowed through crash models, changing growth models, and mixed models. All possible nonstationary models are represented by combinations of...