skilled graduates in small, know-how-based firms can be instrumental in spurring innovation and upgrading changes in the firms … qualifications that can contribute positively. Graduates with other academic qualifications also hold potential for innovation and …

innovation is a crucial productivity driver, a potential crowding out of inventive efforts could increase the cost of mitigating …. However, we do not find negative effects on the number of ongoing R&D projects, investments in innovation-related fixed assets … or on the outcome of innovation projects. Likewise, for firms with subsidy-backed environmental innovations no crowding …

technologies or sectors (inter-sectoral spillovers), or at the international level. We find that innovation is strongly driven by … knowledge spillovers, especially those occurring at the national level. Wind and solar technologies exhibit distinct innovation … only influential in the case of wind technology. We also find evidence that public R&D stimulates innovation, particularly …

sectors (inter-sectoral spillovers), or at the international level. We find that innovation is strongly driven by knowledge … spillovers, especially those occurring at the national level. Wind and solar technologies exhibit distinct innovation … only influential in the case of wind technology. We also find evidence that public R&D stimulates innovation, particularly …

energy R&D expenditures. Technological innovation is measured using patent counts for specific technologies related to energy …

energy R&D expenditures. Technological innovation is measured using patent counts for specific technologies related to energy …

Higher education contributes to economic innovation. This study measures and compares the extent to which national … higher education performance in education, research and economic innovation, using non-arbitrary weights and eighteen policy …